Latency Exposure gives a visual indicator of the magnitude of the latency from the client to the server. For example, the client may decorate the corner of a display with a numeric value that directly reports the client's round-trip time to the server (often called the "ping" time by game players) or with "bars" that depict latency similar to those for mobile phone signal strength - i.e., more bars is a better, lower-latency connection.
The below figure depicts an example of latency exposure. There are two clients, Client A and Client B, each connected to the Server in the middle. Client A has a round-trip time of 25 milliseconds and Client B has a round-trip time of 100 milliseconds. The clients' displays expose their round-trip time latencies in the upper corner of their respective screen, noting this as a "ping" value which is term commonly understood and used by network gamers.
Ivan Vaghi, Chris Greenhalgh and Steve Benford, 1999. Coping with Inconsistency Due to Network Delays in Collaborative Virtual Environments
Mike Fraser, Tony Glover, Ivan Vaghi, Steve Benford, Chris Greenhalgh, Jon Hindmarsh and Christian Heath, 2000. Revealing the Realities of Collaborative Virtual Reality
Carl Gutwin, Steve Benford, Jeff Dyck, Mike Fraser, Ivan Vaghi and Chris Greenhalgh, 2004. Revealing Delay in Collaborative Environments
Greger Wikstrand, Lennart Schedin and Fredrik Elg, 2004. High and Low Ping and the Game of Pong- Effects of Delay and Feedback
David Halbhuber, Maximilian Schlenczek, Johanna Bogon and Niels Henze, 2022. Better be quiet about it! The Effects of Phantom Latency on Experienced First-Person Shooter Players
David Aldbridge, 2011. I Shot You First: Networking the Gameplay of Halo:Reach
Matt deWet and David Straily, 2020. Peeking into Valorant's Netcode
Shengmei Liu, Xiaokun Xu and Mark Claypool. A Survey and Taxonomy of Latency Compensation Techniques for Network Computer Games, ACM Computing Surveys, Article 243, Volume 54, Issue 11S, DOI https://doi.org/10.1145/3519023, September 9, 2022. Online at: http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~claypool/papers/lag-taxonomy/