Kernel Memory Requirements
• Interrupt handlers
• Must be pinned into physical memory
• At locations known to hardware
• Critical kernel code
• Pinned, never swapped out
• I/O buffers (user and kernel)
• Must be pinned and in contiguous physical memory
• Kernel data (e.g., PCB’s, file objects, semaphores, etc.)
• Cached in physical memory
• Dynamically allocated & freed not multiples of page size
• Not multiples of page size; fragmentation is an issue