Kinds of operating systems (1)
	• Stand-alone machines – no OS • Manually scheduled “jobs,” reset between jobs • Early business computers – E.g., IBM 1401/1460 • Early mini-computers – E.g., PDP1, PDP5, PDP8, etc.						• Simple batch monitors • Simple “monitor routine” switches between jobs • Input loaded onto tape off-line • Output to tape is punched and/or printed off-line • Typical university computing centers – IBM 7090, Univac, etc.